If you’ve been diagnosed with depression—or are considering treatment—choosing the right medication can feel overwhelming. Two commonly prescribed antidepressants in Canada are citalopram and bupropion, and while both are effective, they work in very different ways.
Many people search for comparisons like citalopram versus bupropion because they want clarity: Which one works better? Which has fewer side effects? Which fits my symptoms, lifestyle, or concerns?
This guide breaks down how citalopram and bupropion work, their benefits and side effects, and how healthcare providers typically decide which option may be more appropriate for different people.
Note: Antidepressants are not one-size-fits-all. The best choice depends on symptoms, medical history, side effect tolerance, and individual response.
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How Antidepressants Work (In Simple Terms)
Depression is linked to changes in brain chemistry, particularly involving neurotransmitters—chemical messengers that affect mood, energy, focus, and motivation.
Antidepressants work by adjusting how these neurotransmitters are regulated in the brain. Different medications target different systems, which is why their effects—and side effects—can vary significantly from person to person.
Citalopram and bupropion fall into two different antidepressant classes.
What Is Citalopram?
Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SSRIs are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in Canada and are often used as first-line treatment.
How Citalopram Works
Citalopram increases levels of serotonin in the brain by preventing its reabsorption (reuptake). Serotonin plays a key role in mood regulation, emotional balance, and anxiety.
By increasing serotonin availability, citalopram can help improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety over time.
Benefits of Citalopram
- Is well-studied and widely prescribed.
- Is effective for major depressive disorder.
- Can help with anxiety symptoms alongside depression.
- Is generally well tolerated by many patients.
For people whose depression is accompanied by significant anxiety, rumination, or emotional distress, SSRIs like citalopram are often a strong option.
Common Side Effects of Citalopram
- Nausea or digestive upset.
- Headaches.
- Fatigue or drowsiness.
- Sexual side effects (reduced libido, delayed orgasm).
- Increased sweating.
Many side effects improve as the body adjusts, but sexual side effects may persist for some individuals and are a common reason people explore alternatives.
What Is Bupropion?
Bupropion belongs to a different class called norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs). Unlike SSRIs, bupropion does not significantly affect serotonin.
How Bupropion Works
Bupropion increases levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, neurotransmitters involved in motivation, energy, focus, and reward. Because of this mechanism, bupropion tends to feel more activating for many people.
Benefits of Bupropion
- Has a lower risk of sexual side effects.
- May improve energy, motivation, and focus.
- Can help with depression marked by fatigue or low drive.
- Is also approved for smoking cessation.
- Is less likely to cause weight gain.
References
- Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT). Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Major Depressive Disorder.
- Bupropion and Citalopram Interactions. Drugs.com.
- Antidepressants: Selecting One That’s Right for You. Mayo Clinic.
Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider with any questions about a medical condition or treatment.
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